MariaDB es un sistema de gestión de bases de datos relacional (RDBMS) derivado directamente de MySQL y distribuido bajo licencia GPL (General Public License). Su desarrollo está liderado por Michael "Monty" Widenius —fundador original de MySQL— junto con la Fundación MariaDB y una amplia comunidad de desarrolladores de software libre.

Este proyecto introduce dos nuevos motores de almacenamiento: Aria, que reemplaza a MyISAM, y XtraDB, una alternativa optimizada a InnoDB. Gracias a su alta compatibilidad con MySQL —manteniendo las mismas órdenes, interfaces, APIs y bibliotecas—, es posible migrar de un servidor MySQL a MariaDB de forma prácticamente transparente.

MariaDB nació como una bifurcación (fork) de MySQL con el propósito de garantizar la existencia de una versión libre y abierta. Widenius tomó esta decisión convencido de que el interés de Oracle en MySQL, tras su adquisición, respondía principalmente a la intención de reducir la competencia que este suponía para sus propios productos.

Instalación de MariaDB

Para instalar el paquete, como siempre primero actualizamos los repositorios y luego procedemos a instalar el siguiente paquete:

apt install mariadb-server

Tras la instalación, procedemos a habilitar el servicio al arranque y lo iniciamos:

systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb

Configurar MariaDB

Ahora que ya tenemos el servicio levantado, tocará aplicar un poco de configuración, para ello ejecutaremos el comando mariadb-secure-installation para configurarlo de la siguiente manera:

mariadb-secure-installation

Seguiremos los siguientes pasos:

NOTE: MariaDB is secure by default in Debian. Running this script is
      useless at best, and misleading at worst. This script will be
      removed in a future MariaDB release in Debian. Please read
      mariadb-server.README.Debian for details.

Enter root user password or leave blank:

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] Y
Enabled successfully (or at least no errors was emitted)!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
SQL executed without errors!
The operation might have been successful, or it might have not done anything.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
SQL executed without errors!
The operation might have been successful, or it might have not done anything.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
 - Dropping test database...
SQL executed without errors!
The operation might have been successful, or it might have not done anything.
 - Removing privileges on test database...
SQL executed without errors!
The operation might have been successful, or it might have not done anything.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

¡Y listo! Ya tenemos MariaDB instalado y configurado correctamente.

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